They were a combination of ramparts and moats, called Iya in the local language, used as a defense of the historical Benin City, formerly of the now defunct Kingdom of Benin and now the capital of the present-day Edo State of Nigeria. It was considered the largest man-made structure lengthwise and was hailed as the largest earthwork in the world. It is larger than Sungbo's Eredo.[citation needed] It enclosed 6,500 km of community lands. It was estimated that earliest construction began in 800 AD and continued into the mid-1400s.
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